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areas of study within the discipline of jazz piano

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areas jazz piano
The six areas of study within the field of jazz piano playing.

The foundational level

‘Feel, form, rhythm’, ‘arranging’, and ‘technique’ are what I call the three foundational blocks of jazz piano playing. Without them, you won’t be able to build anything musically solid because your playing will always lack rootedness, depth, and precision. To improve in the area of ‘feel, form, and rhythm’, I recommend immersing yourself in some kind of West African musical tradition¹ (Ewe drumming and dance, djembe and dundun rhythms, etc.).

‘Arranging’ is about mastering different textures and telling an engaging story. The piano has an inherent orchestral quality due to its wide range and polyphonic nature, so there is a lot to cover here, from bass lines, to chord voicings, all the way up to how to interpret and embellish a melody.

As far as ‘technique’ is concerned, some sub-areas are specific to jazz (such as practicing a snippet of music in a variety of keys) and others more peculiar to classical performance (using gravity and proper posture to get a great sound out of the instrument for example). This is why I often encourage my students to work on Hanon’s Virtuoso Pianist in Sixty Exercises, and the Bach Chorales² and Two-Part Inventions at the very least (taking separate classical piano lessons altogether, in addition to the jazz piano lessons, being the ideal scenario).

The heartbeat of jazz

These first three foundational blocks support those that make up the second level in the diagram. ‘Improvisation’, in my opinion, is the heartbeat of jazz. It’s at the very core of the music, which itself is all about individuation (or finding your own voice). At its left, you’ll notice that I represented ‘listening/transcribing’ as an arrow pointing towards ‘improvisation’. That is because the jazz language you will be exposed to, and eventually internalize, will unavoidably feed into your personal style as an improviser (Wernick 2010). The elements of tradition and innovation constantly and dynamically coexist in jazz, very much like the yin and yang components of Taoist philosophy.

Culmination

Finally, all five aforementioned blocks support the final block at the top of the diagram: ‘building a repertoire’. Now the good news is: this task should be relatively effortless if you’ve studied all the other areas conscientiously… This culminating block is all about having fun learning the tunes you like, or even writing, practicing, and performing your own!

Notes

¹ I recall from my time at Berklee that such was also Meshell Ndegeocello’s advice.

² Jazz pianist Fred Hersch (2012) also recommends working on the Chorales, and offers a step by step approach to studying them involving pairs of two voices, then groups of three, and finally all four.

References

Bach, Jean-Sébastien. n.d. 101 Chorals à 4 parties réduction pour orgue ou piano. Paris: Editions Durand.

Bach, Johan Sebastian. 1970. Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.

Dahn, Luke. 2021. “The Four-Part Chorales of J.S. Bach.” Accessed June 22, 2022. https://www.bach-chorales.com/.

Hanon, Charles-Louis. 1929. Le Pianiste Virtuose en 60 Exercices. Bruxelles / Paris: Schott Frères.

Hersch, Fred. 2012. “Back to Bach: Keys to Jazz Piano Prowess.” Downbeat, September 2012 (pp. 76-77).

Wernick, Forrest. 2010. “The Importance of Language.” Jazzadvice. Posted June 30, 2010. https://www.jazzadvice.com/the-importance-of-language/.

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musical meditation technique: how to strengthen the heart’s ear

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By knowing words you do not know the language. What you know is the outside language; the inner language is known by knowing the language of ideas.

Hazrat Inayat Khan, The Healing Papers

Meditative practice (i.e. playing your instrument within yourself) has considerable benefits when learning a piece of music; and, incidentally, it can come in really handy whenever you find yourself far away from your instrument for a prolonged period of time. Following the advice of French pianist Jean-Claude Henriot (my mentor when I was a student at the Conservatoire in Évry), I recall making use of this technique in order to prepare for classical piano end-of-year exams/recitals.

All you have to do is choose a notated piece of music that you’ve got memorized and try and play it in your mind as precisely as possible. Hear it in great detail, feel the touch of the piano (this also works for non-pianists: just mentally recall the feeling you experience when playing your particular instrument). For beginner/intermediate pianists, Bach’s Inventions work really well because they consist of only two contrapuntal parts — challenging enough (but not too arduous) to hear simultaneously with the mind’s ear. Of course, you can choose virtually any piece of music. When a passage seems unclear, go back and “replay” it again, (much) slower if necessary. Repeat it as many times as needed, just as you would when you practice on your “real” instrument, until you’re able to hear each note, as well as each item of expression attached to each note, with utmost precision.

This kind of practice certainly requires sharp concentration, and thus works best in a calm environment (I used to go on long walks in the fields near my home in Mennecy to do this). And it might take some time for you to grow accustomed to… But don’t give up! If practiced correctly, the benefits of musical meditation will certainly be felt as soon as you return to the piano (the following day for example — it’s always good to allow some time for the mental exercise to fully sink in). Overall, your knowledge of your chosen piece of music will considerably strengthen. As you rely less on muscle memory and more on your mind’s ear, your memory won’t fail you anymore, and you’ll be able to concentrate on musicality right off the bat.

So the language of ideas cannot be heard by the ears alone, the hearing of the heart must be open for it.

Hazrat Inayat Khan, The Healing Papers