🇬🇧/🇺🇸 Concert (with dinner or drinks): Word Out on January 5 from 8PM at Le Barbizon (141 rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris). Join us and experience a repertoire of new post-bop/ethno jazz fusion compositions. With Chris Jennings (double bass), Jeff Boudreaux (drums), Akiko Horii (percussion) and Jim Funnell (piano/compositions). RSVP available on Le Barbizon’s website here.
🇫🇷 Dîner-concert (ou juste pour prendre un verre) : Word Out le 5 janvier prochain à partir de 20h au Barbizon (141 rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris). Venez découvrir un tout nouveau répertoire composé de morceaux post-bop/ethno jazz fusion avec Chris Jennings (contrebasse), Jeff Boudreaux (batterie), Akiko Horii (percussions) et Jim Funnell (piano/compositions). Réservation possible dès aujourd’hui sur le site du Barbizon.
🇪🇸 Concierto (con cena o bebidas): Word Out el 5 de enero a partir de las 20h en Le Barbizon (141 rue de Tolbiac, 75013 París). Únase a nosotros y disfrute de un repertorio de nuevas composiciones de post-bop/ethno jazz fusión. Con Chris Jennings (contrabajo), Jeff Boudreaux (batería), Akiko Horii (percusión) y Jim Funnell (piano/composiciones). RSVP disponible en el sitio web de Le Barbizon aquí.
🇯🇵 コンサート（ディナーまたはドリンク付き）。 1月5日午後8時より、Le Barbizon (141 rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris)にてWord Outのライブを開催します。 新しいポストバップ/エスノジャズフュージョンのレパートリーをお聴き頂けます。 Chris Jennings (ダブルベース), Jeff Boudreaux (ドラム), 堀居晶子 (パーカッション) and Jim Funnell (ピアノ＆作曲) 。 ル・バルビゾンのウェブサイトから参加登録が可能です。
Stream/download Bitcorn Soup (2022) on your favourite platform. Ecoutez/téléchargez Bitcorn Soup (2022) sur votre plateforme préférée.
“Une musique au surréalisme indomptable.” – Ravy Magnifique (batteur, compositeur, percussionniste)
🇬🇧/🇺🇸 Recorded in Paris, Boston, and London from August 2021 to March 2022. Mixed and mastered by Javier Escudero in April 2022 at Estudios Cubex (Spain). Artwork by Marie-Elisabeth Rubin (France). Video editing by Laure Lang.
🇫🇷 Enregistré à Paris, Boston, et à Londres entre août 2021 et Mars 2022. Mixé et masterisé par Javier Escudero en Avril 2022 à Estudios Cubex (Espagne). Art graphique par Marie-Elisabeth Rubin (France). Montage vidéo par Laure Lang.
🇬🇧 The Spotify Pre-Save campaign for Bitcorn Soup is now live, which means you can go ahead and unlock the music to make sure you don’t miss it on release day (September 10). You will get a notification from Spotify, and both microtonal jazz fusion tracks (a main and an alternate take) will be added to your Release Radar on the platform.
This also helps the music get featured on different playlists as pre-saves tell the Spotify algorithm that fans are excited about the release. So thank you in advance for the nudge, it is much appreciated!
🇫🇷 La campagne de pre-save (pré-enregistrement) Spotify pour le single Bitcorn Soup est en ligne, ce qui veut dire que tu peux désormais “déverrouiller” la musique, de façon à ne pas la rater le jour de sa sortie officielle (le 10 septembre). Tu recevras une notification de la part de Spotify, et les deux titres jazz fusion microtonal (une version principale du morceau ainsi qu’une version alternative) seront ajoutés à ton Radar des sorties.
Cela permet aussi d’augmenter les chances de voir cette musique selectionnée dans le cadre de diverses playlists : les “pre-save” permettent en effet de communiquer à l’algorithme de Spotify que les fans sont enthousiastes à l’idée de la sortie prochaine. Donc merci d’avance pour ton petit coup de pouce très apprécié !
Le terme “pentatonique” nous vient de la langue grecque : le préfixe penta-, “cinq”, et le mot tonos, “ton”, y sont associés pour évoquer l’idée d’une gamme à cinq notes.
Il existe bien entendu de nombreuses possibilités d’échelles de cinq sons au sein du système tempéré (division de l’octave en douze intervalles égaux, dits chromatiques). Nous porterons ici notre attention sur la gamme pentatonique la plus usitée et l’appellerons la pentatonique “globale”¹ (on retrouve en effet cette gamme dans les musiques de nombreuses cultures de par le monde).
[1] La pentatonique globale est fondée sur une succession de quintes ascendantes : do sol ré la mi.
[2] Une fois ces notes réarrangées au sein d’une seule octave, nous avons : do ré mi sol la.
[3] Les intervalles formés par les notes de cette gamme par rapport à sa fondamentale (do) sont :
une seconde majeure entre do et ré ;
une tierce majeure entre do et mi ;
une quinte juste entre do et sol ;
une sixte majeure entre do et la.
Comme tous les intervalles de cette gamme sont majeurs (mis à part la quinte juste), elle est souvent baptisée pentatonique majeure. Ce que j’appelle sa “formule”, qui associe des chiffres arabes² à chacun de ses degrés (contrairement aux chiffres romains communément utilisés pour représenter les accords construits sur chacun des degrés d’une gamme), est la suite de nombres : 1 2 3 5 6.
[4] Exactement comme pour les échelles majeures diatoniques à sept sons (do ré mi fa sol la si), la gamme relative mineure de la pentatonique majeure se construit en jouant toutes les notes formant la pentatonique majeure, en partant une tierce mineure en dessous de la fondamentale de celle-ci : la do ré mi sol.
[5] Les intervalles formés par les notes de cette nouvelle gamme par rapport à sa fondamentale (la) sont :
une tierce mineure entre la et do ;
une quarte juste entre la et ré ;
une quinte juste entre la et mi ;
une septième mineure entre la et sol.
Comme tous les intervalles de cette gamme sont mineurs (sauf la quarte et la quinte), elle est souvent appelée pentatonique mineure. Sa “formule” est : 1 b3 4 5 b7.
En résumé, voici les formules à savoir (accompagnées d’exemples ayant la note do pour tonique dans les deux cas pour faciliter la comparaison) :
Pentatonique majeure
1 2 3 5 6
do ré mi sol la
Pentatonique mineure
1 b3 4 5 b7
do mibfa sol sib
Notes
¹ Cette terminologie est utilisée par Michael Hewitt dans son livre Musical Scales of the World (voir Hewitt 2013).
The term “pentatonic” comes from the Greek language: the prefix penta-, “five,” and the word tonos, “tone,” are associated to bring forth the idea of a five-tone scale.
There are of course many five-tone scale possibilities within the twelve-tone equal temperament system. We’ll focus on the most common pentatonic scale here and call it the “global” pentatonic¹ (this particular scale is indeed encountered in the musics of many cultures around the world).
[1] The global pentatonic is based on a succession of ascending fifths: C G D A E.
[2] Reordered within the range of a single octave, we have: C D E G A.
[3] The intervals formed by the tones of this scale relative to its root (C) are as follows:
a major second between C and D;
a major third between C and E;
a perfect fifth between C and G;
a major sixth between C and A .
Since all the intervals in this scale are major (except the perfect fifth), it is often referred to as the major pentatonic. What I call the scale’s “formula,” based on Arabic numerals² representing its scale degrees (as opposed to Roman numerals commonly used to represent chords that are built on each scale degree), is: 1 2 3 5 6.
[4] Just like the diatonic seven-note major scale (C D E F G A B), the major pentatonic’s relative minor scale can be built by playing all the notes that comprise the major pentatonic, beginning on the tone located a minor third below the latter scale’s root: A C D E G.
[5] The intervals formed by the tones of this new scale relative to its root (A) are as follows:
a minor third between A and C;
a perfect fourth between A and D;
a perfect fifth between A and E;
a minor seventh between A and G.
Since all the intervals in this scale are minor (except the perfect fourth and fifth), it is often called the minor pentatonic. Its “formula” is: 1 b3 4 5 b7.
To sum up, here are the important formulas again below (accompanied by examples with the note C as the tonic in both cases, for ease of comparison):
Major pentatonic
1 2 3 5 6
C D E G A
Minor pentatonic
1 b3 4 5 b7
C Eb F G Bb
Notes
¹ This terminology is used by Michael Hewitt in his book Musical Scales of the World (see Hewitt 2013).
² More accurately speaking, these are the numerals commonly used in Europe that stem from the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
References
Hewitt, Michael. “Section 5: Pentatonic Scales.” In Musical Scales of the World, 125-134. The Note Tree, 2013.
The “dominant shape” is extremely versatile. It can be used to voice chords that are derived both from major harmony, and from melodic minor harmony. The degrees on which each chord mentioned here functions are indicated in the captions below each example. Some of those chords work better in modal contexts (or when one has a vertical approach on each particular chord within a tonal context), and some also sound fitting in various tonal contexts. Let your ear be your guide!
Transposable formulas (specific arrangements of chord tones and tensions, e.g. “3 13 b7 9”) are also given in the captions for each chord (in each caption, position B is listed first and position A second to be consistent with the music notation). By position A/B, it is meant “dominant shape (voicing used for the V chord) extracted from the major II-V-I progression in position A/B.”
II-V-I progression in the key of F major. The II chord, Gmi9, is in position A (b3 5 b7 9). The formula for the V chord, C13, is b7 9 3 13.II-V-I progression in the key of C major. The II chord, Dmi9 is in position B (b7 9 b3 5). The formula for the V chord, G13, is 3 13 b7 9.
The dominant shape is comprised of the following intervals (listed from the bottom to the top of the voicing): major third, major second, perfect fourth in position A / perfect fourth, minor second, major third in position B.
Use cases
The mixolydian chord is listed here in prime position, since it is, naturally, the one from which the thought of using the dominant shape to play other chords initially came from. As you will see in the first example below, the lydian dominant or 7(#11) chord, from melodic minor, can be voiced in the exact same way as the mixolydian chord (even though the colourful #11 won’t appear in this specific voicing). Then we have the altered chord, and it is interesting to note that there is a sub V (tritone substitution) relationship between the mixolydian and the altered dominant chords. Eb7 and A7alt, for example, indeed share the same guide tones (G and Db/C#), and their roots are indeed a tritone apart. As a result, one chord can be substituted for the other following the tritone substitution rule.
Works on degrees: V (major), IV (melodic minor). Position B: 3 13 b7 9; Position A: b7 9 3 13.Works on degrees: VII (melodic minor). Position B: b7 #9 3 b13; Position A: 3 b13 b7 #9.
I have then chosen to list the locrian/locrian natural 2 and dorian/jazz minor chords, since they are also widely used. In fact, a minor II-V-I can be played entirely using the dominant shapes presented here (e.g. Emi7(b5) = E A Bb D, A7alt = G C Db F, Dmi6/9 = F A B E).
Works on degrees: VII (major), VI (melodic minor). Position B: 1 11 b5 b7; Position A: b5 b7 1 11.Works on degrees: I (melodic minor), II (major). Position B: 6 9 b3 5; Position A: b3 5 6 9.
Next up are the lydian/lydian augmented and phrygian/phrygian natural 6 sounds, which also come in handy, albeit arguably more sporadically than the ones mentioned previously.
Works on degrees: IV (major), bIII (melodic minor). Position B: #11 7 1 3; Position A: 1 3 #11 7.Works on degrees: III (major), II (melodic minor). Position B: 5 1 b9 11; Position A: b9 11 5 1.
The mixolydian b13/aeolian sound is probably the least common of all (moreover, it is rather tricky to find an adequate chord symbol for it, so the space has been left blank).
Works on degrees: V (melodic minor), VI (major), Position B: 9 5 b13 1; Position A: b13 1 9 5.
Finally, if the same voicing (G C Db F in position B / Db F G C in position A) were to be played over an Ab root (tonic of the Ab major scale) in order to obtain an ionian sound, the “avoid note” Db might stand out and create havoc, particularly in a tonal context… In a modal/vertical context however, the voicing can be used and sounds quite unique and intriguing.
Practice tip
Internalize both shapes by taking them through the cycle of fifths (using different roots in the left hand for example; that way you’ll get the different sounds described above). It’s fine if you have to think about the formulas at first, but try and gradually shift towards using your ears and muscle memory exclusively. It is without question a challenging exercise… But trust yourself in the process: it will be way more fun!
Geno Thackara’s review of Word Out’s first live album Live in Japan on All About Jazz (October 2021). The award-winning jazz music database features news, album reviews, articles, videos, and listings of concerts, all published by a volunteer staff.
🇺🇸/🇬🇧 “Word Out … takes its name from Rainer Maria Rilke’s observation that “most experiences are unsayable.” Even so, it’s a heck of a lot of fun when they can be played instead.”
🇫🇷 “Word Out … tire son nom de l’observation de Rainer Maria Rilke selon laquelle “la plupart des expériences sont inexprimables”. Néanmoins, quelle joie de pouvoir les entendre jouées à la place !”
